Direct answer: No. The government must prove the applicable statute’s source, transaction, knowledge and additional purpose or threshold. Ordinary spending can sometimes…
Direct answer: A borrowing-base investigation tests whether receivables or inventory certified as eligible actually satisfied the lending agreement at each draw date, who knew…
Direct answer: Ciminelli rejects treating a victim’s right to economically useful information as property itself. Kousisis recognizes a materially false inducement to exchange…
Direct answer: Timing matters. A transaction that obtains property through fraud and a later transaction using criminally derived property may present different statutory…
Direct answer: Default, covenant breach and optimistic forecasting do not themselves prove a knowing scheme to defraud. Criminal exposure turns on the alleged deception, its…
Direct answer: It may, depending on the actual transmission and governing law. The participants’ Texas addresses alone do not establish or defeat the interstate element.
